CALENDULA

4. Calendula

Once used as a dye for fabrics, foods and cosmetics, calendula is now touted as an ingredient to help resolve a range of skin issues, and improve the quality and texture of the skin. appearance of the skin.

We have established here the multiple biological activities of calendula and its mode of action.

• Benefit #1: Calendula as soothing

• Benefit No. 2: Calendula and its antioxidant action

• Benefit #3: Calendula oil to heal wounds

• Benefit No. 4: Calendula for its antimicrobial properties

• Benefit No. 5: Calendula as sun protection

Benefit #1: Calendula as soothing.

Inflammation is triggered by many pathophysiological conditions in response to infection or tissue damage. In the early phases of this process, the first line of defense is provided by macrophages which, in the presence of a stimulus, produce several pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide, cytokines and prostaglandins. In

Under normal conditions, the release of these molecules is of paramount importance, manifesting itself severely, rapidly and only for a short time until the noxious stimuli resolve.

However, abnormal production of these pro-inflammatory mediators over a long period of time can progress to chronic inflammation-related diseases.

Calendula officinalis L. is often prescribed for its anti-inflammatory potential

Therefore, calendula flower extract can thus be used in topical formulations for inflamed and injured skin to soothe acute and chronic inflammations caused by skin conditions, such as rosacea, allergic contact dermatitis, eczema, sunburn or as complementary skin care.

Benefit #2: Calendula and its antioxidant action.

Thanks to its content of flavonoids, polyphenols and carotenoids, calendula is able to protect the skin from oxidative stress, a generic term that describes the damage that occurs when the skin is exposed to free radicals. Without intervention, these can alter cellular DNA, ultimately damaging structural compounds such as collagen and elastin, and causing

lipid peroxidation.

Several studies have shown that calendula protects the skin from oxidative damage.

The results indicate that calendula floral extract was found to scavenge superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, inhibit lipid peroxidation and increase the levels of catalase, glutathione, superoxide dismutase and ascorbic acid, limiting the effects that they may have on the skin.

Benefit #3: Calendula oil to heal wounds.

Calendula has been reported to be effective in healing wounds and skin ulcerations. This healing property of calendula can be attributed to the pro-angiogenic, fibroplastic and keratoplastic effect. Calendula could thus help prevent wound complications as a complementary treatment.

A study showed that calendula had a positive effect on angiogenesis, characterized by the induction of neovascularization, which promotes the diffusion of nutrients and oxygen necessary for faster healing (increased metabolism of fibroblasts and production of the extracellular matrix).

Likewise, calendula flowers loaded with flavonoids would activate the PI3K metabolic pathways in fibroblasts and the NF-kB pathway in keratinocytes, stimulating their proliferation and migration in order to increase the production of granulation tissue and accelerate the regeneration of damaged skin tissue.

Benefit #4: Calendula for its antimicrobial properties.

Phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, as well as saponins give calendula bactericidal properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and antifungal properties. It would have the capacity to inhibit the in vitro growth of Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Calendula also has potential fungicidal effects against various strains of isolated yeasts (Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, etc.). Therefore, this property of calendula could help prevent

certain skin infections. However, further studies are needed to have a complete understanding.

Benefit #5: Calendula as sun protection.

The sun's UV rays can wreak havoc on the skin, potentially leading to premature signs of aging, hyper keratosis (black skin), and even skin cancers. Studies have been undertaken to investigate the sun protection activity of Calendula officinalis essential oil.

According to studies, calendula essential oil has an in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) between 8 and 14. These results would conclude that calendula can have a photoprotective effect or increase the additional value of a protection formula. solar. However, calendula has a low SPF value and does not provide sufficient sun protection when used alone. New experiments are necessary to consolidate these first data and determine the types of

phytoconstituents responsible for this property. Applying sunscreen containing UV filters remains the most effective approach to preventing photoaging, sunburn, wrinkles, age spots, immunosuppression and other skin damage, it is for this reason that the range

BSdog is enriched with SPF50 protection.

Sources:

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• ISAAC O. & al. & al. The role of triterpenoids in the topical anti-inflammatory activity of Calendula officinalis flowers. Planta Medica (1994).

• FRANZ C. & al. Anti-edematous activities of the main triterpendiol esters of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). Journal of Ethnopharmacology (1997).

• GUERIERO A. & al. Simultaneous quantitative determination of eight triterpenoid monoesters from flowers of 10 varieties of Calendula officinalis L. and characterization of a new triterpenoid monoester. Phytochemical Analysis (2004).

• KIMURA Y. & al. Anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor-promoting, and cytotoxic activities of constituents of marigold (Calendula officinalis) flowers. Journal of Natural Products (2006).

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(Asteraceae) growing in Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology (2008).

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